Light sensor circuit according to me is a series of sensors are the easiest and most often used as an experiment. Because with a little can make a component of this series, and its components easily available in the market. As with other series switching transistor circuit above also apply the basic principles of the saturated and cutoff transistors. To obtain a more accurate circuit and perfect could be using IC op-Amp.

In the above picture there are two conditions that the application of the light sensor when the bright lights and the lights on when dark. It should be understood from the above series is how we position the amount of current that will be received by the base of the transistor by utilizing the VR (variable resistor) as a determinant.
Rangkaian Sensor Cahaya Dengan LDR
Note the picture Below, when the switch SW1 is pressed and released back then obtained by the same signal as the signal in the image above. Initially when SW1 is connected with the supply voltage, the capacitor will charge quickly. Then when SW1 is released charge on the capacitor will be used by the inductor as the supply voltage. In accordance with the general nature of the inductor that the DC signal will be considered ordinary wire inductor such that current flowing through the inductor and fast charge on the capacitor decreases rapidly running out. Uniquely currents were flowing through the inductor and capacitor will fill the empty capacitor back through the other terminal (negative cycle). Kapasior rapid filling, then return to inductor will burden the load discharge occurs again. That so happens repeatedly (resonance occurs between L and C) until the electrical charge was used up by these two components in power losses. Equations between regular wire inductor is the inductor with wire work as usual at the time of her current flows in the same direction. Inductor, wire But unlike ordinary moment in an alternating current flows back to him. So it will not happen short circuit if the inductor to get the supply voltage alternating current (AC). But in ordinary wire short circuit will still occur even if the voltage is alternating current.
Rangkaian Resonansi LC Gambar
How Principle circuit Frequency Estimator work

Workings of frequency above the measuring circuit is actually very easy to understand. You should not be fooled by the number of components used. Circuit above looks more crowded because of the support series for seven segment display and a timer or a monostable circuit. The above series of works that deliberately use a timer set for the time period 1 (one) second. While the number of frequencies used to calculate the positive cycle of input signal itself. Where the input signal is used as a clock counter circuit. Then a second timer signal from the monostable circuit logic is then multiplied by the input signal using an AND gate. So that when the signal from the monostable logic high for one second, then the input clock counter circuits will get the same logic as in the measurement input signal. But after one second signal from the monostable will be worth 0 volts so that the frequency calculation is stopped.

Frequency counter circuit above is an example of a very simple and is applicable to the measurement signals that have a 3-volt voltage to 9 volts. While for the voltage measurement is less than 3 volts will be read by a logic AND gate as low despite the swing signals. Then the voltage is too large will also be able to cause damage to the circuit.
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